Can anyone explain the electrics on my 2007 EC250? (UK)

[JAD]

2007 EC 250 in the UK

I am hesitating to ask this because electricity confuses me on a good day!

I have always had bikes with a battery before but this bike does not. Obviously no electric start and only basic lights (headlight, tail light and stop light). No speedo and the horn runs off its own little battery (looks like one off a bicycle)

The headlight dipped beam works (standard incandescent bulb) but nothing else.

So...

Is it a completely AC system? How do you get things like 12V horn, phone charger, and maybe LED lights to work?

Is there any way to check the wiring and voltages without having it running all the time...

Sincere apologies if (as I suspect) these are dumb questions...